What is the normal breathing rate of a person at rest? 12-16 breaths/min.
What are the stages of breathing for life? 1.Slow intake of air; 2. a somewhat quicker release of air; and 3. a waiting or recovery period before the next intake.
What is the essential difference between breathing to live and breathing to sing? The amount of conscious control exerted.
What are the factors involved in getting air out of the body? 1.the diaphragm relaxes; 2. the lungs are elastic and tend to return to their original shape after they have been expanded;3. the abdominal organs and abdominal wall return to their original shape and location when the diaphragm quits pushing against and compression them; 4. the internal rib muscles and the abdominal muscles assist in the expulsion of air.
What are the benefits of breathing through the nose? (Why do we normally do this when breathing for life?) It filters, warms, and moistens the incoming air.
Why does McKinney believe that aerobic conditioning is good for singers? People who engage in aerobic exercises are training their cardiovascular systems to work at near peak efficiency.
What are the stages of breathing for singing? 1. a breathing-in period (inhalation); 2. a setting-up-controls period (suspension); 3.a controlled-exhalation period (phonation); 4. a recovery period.
How does inhalation for singing differ from inhalation for life? Quicker, quantity is greater, and breath goes deeper into the lungs.
What are the three scenarios he suggests trying to condition a good inhalation for singing? Pretending to smell a flower; pretending to yawn; pretending to drink a glass of water.
What are the three postural conditions that should exist BEFORE you inhale? The chest comfortably high; the lower abdomen should be comfortably in; the upper abdomen should be free to move.
How does breath seem to move when you inhale? into the body, down to the lungs, and out and around the middle of the body.
In the quote from Van Christy, “[When] all the muscles function properly in singing, there is a feeling of flexible, expansive openness in the body."
Why does McKinney say that recovery is important? Muscles perform their task of contraction most efficiently when allowed ample opportunity to rest and recover.
What is the secret for performing a good catch breath? Getting the air passages completely open, so that there is nothing to restrict the flow of air or to create frictional noises.
What is breath support? a dynamic relationship between the breathing-in muscles and the breathing-out muscles, the purpose of which is to supply adequate breath pressure to the vocal folds for the sustaining of any desired pitch or dynamic level.
What is breath control? a dynamic relationship between the breath and the vocal folds which determines how long you can sing on one breath.
What are the four incorrect methods of breathing and their corrective procedures? Upper-chest breathing: largely a matter of establishing the correct postural and breathing techniques previously discussed in the book. Rib breathing: finding a release of postural tension and with the encouragement of upper abdominal expansion while inhaling. Back breathing: encourage frontal expansion during inhalation. Belly breathing: correct the posture.
What is hypofunctional breathing and what are the corrective procedures for it? failing to demand enough physical activity of the breathing mechanisms. Explain, demonstrate, and ask the student to experience the four stages in breathing for singing.
What is hyperfunction breathing and what are the 2 main causes and corrective procedures for it? Demanding too much physical activity of the breathing mechanism. 1.the misconception that the ability to sin long phrases is in direct relationship to the quantity of air you can inhale, and 2. the fear of running out of breath in a public performance. Limit (although that's a terrible word to use) to just taking a moderate breath, and then learning how to use it efficiently.
What is hypofunctional breath support and what are the possible causes? Failure to demand (another bad word) enough activity of the support mechanism. Causes: no suspension phase in the breathing process; the misconception that the singer is singing much louder than he actually is; an anemic concept of vocal tone; devitalized posture; and a lack of awareness of the nature and function of the support mechanism.
What is the corrective procedure for hypofunctional support? Make student aware, might need to take the student to the extreme to help them differentiate between what they are doing and the desired act.
What is hyperfunctional breath support and what are the possible causes? Demanding too much from the support mechanism. Causes: trying to make a voice bigger than it really is; pulling in on the upper abdomen; eliminating the suspension phase of breathing; excess postural tension; a too-muscular approach to singing.
What is the corrective procedure for hyperfunctional support? Get the student to stop exerting so much local effort in the upper abdomen.
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