What is the axial skeleton? the portion of the human skeleton that consists of the spine and
thorax.
What is the appendicular skeleton? The portion of the skeleton that consists of skull, pelvis, arms, and
legs.
What is the dens or odontoid process? The process in the axis (the 2nd cervical vertebrae) that
attaches to the atlas, so the skull can tilted and rotated.
Which vertebrae create the pivot point around which the
skull can be tilted and rotated? The
atlas and the axis.
What is the spinous process, where are they located, and
what is their function? They are the
small projections on the back of each vertebrae that serves as an attachment
point for muscles of the back. The atlas is the only vertebrae that doesn’t
have a spinous process.
Describe the size and angle of the spinous processes. They are robust and somewhat stubby,
extending nearly at a right angle to the spine. They are large in some areas…
What are the bones of the pelvis? ilium, pubis, and ischium.
How is McCoy’s description of the connection of the ribs to
the sternum different than Malde’s? I
don’t know!
Describe the parts of the sternum. Two bony plates called the manubrium and corpus.
Describe the pleural sacs and their function. A serious membrane that cause the thorax
and lungs to adhere to each other with a flexible connection
What is Boyle’s Law? Air
rushes to fill a place with less air pressure.
Expansion causes
air to flow into the lungs; expansion is never the effect of
air entering the lungs.
Describe the lungs. The
lungs themselves are made of porous, spongy material. The right lung is composed of three separate sections,
called lobes.
Describe the bronchial tree. They are the connection between the trachea and the individual lobes of
the lungs.
Describe the aveolar sacs and their function. The small place where the actual exchange
of blood gasses occurs.
Describe the central tendon of the diaphragm. The central point of attachment for all the
muscles of the diaphragm, a strong fibrous portion of the muscle shaped like a
boomerang.
How does the range of motion of the diaphragm vary between
quiet breathing and deep breathing? In
quiet breathing, the diaphragm is passive during exhalation? I don’t know.
How much air is drawn into the lungs in a deep breath? 2.5 liters
What are the
four principal methods of breath management? clavicular, thoracic, abdominal, and a balanced breath.
According to McKinney (quoted here), what is the difference
between breath support and breath control? Breath
support is best described as the dynamic relationship between the muscles of inspiration
and expiration that are used to control pressure in the air supplied to the larynx. Support therefore is a pulmonary function. Breath control, however, is a laryngeal
function.
What are the problems with clavicular breathing for singing?
it’s just bad.
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