Emily F. McCoy 7

Emily F. McCoy 7

What is the axial skeleton? the part of the skeleton that makes up most of the torso--the ribcage and the spine 

What is the appendicular skeleton? pelvis, skull, and appendages 

What is the dens or odontoid process? the part of the axis that inserts into the atlas 

Which vertebrae create the pivot point around which the skull can be tilted and rotated? cervical vertebrae 1&2, the atlas and axis

 

What is the spinous process, where are they located, and what is their function? spinous processes are the projections coming off the back of each vertebrae, and they are to attach back muscles to 

Describe the size and angle of the spinous processes. the lumbar region's spinous processes are at nearly a right angle to the spine and the projections are stubby, in the thoracic region the processes are longer and extend downward from the spine

What are the bones of the pelvis? the ilium, pubis, and ischium 

How is McCoy’s description of the connection of the ribs to the sternum different than Malde’s? McCoy says that there are four pairs of ribs that attach directly to the sternum, Malde says five

Describe the parts of the sternum. two bony plates--manubrium and corpus, which are fused together, and the xiphoid process attached to the corpus and attaching to abdominal muscles 

Describe the pleural sacs and their function. a water permeable membrane that causes lungs and thorax to stick to each other, helping the lungs maintain their shape 

What is Boyle’s Law? pressure and volume are inversely proportional 

Expansion causes air to flow into the lungs; expansion is never the effect of air entering the lungs.

Describe the lungs. porous, spongy material in three lobes in the right lung, two lobes in the left               

Describe the bronchial tree. two tubes that divide into smaller and smaller segments till the alveolar sacs 

Describe the aveolar sacs and their function. 300 million or so alveoli per lung, which are highly compressible and where the blood gas exchange takes place 

Describe the central tendon of the diaphragm. strong, fibrous portion of the diaphragm where the muscle originates, and is shaped kinda like a boomerang

How does the range of motion of the diaphragm vary between quiet breathing and deep breathing? about 1 1/2 cm during quiet breathing, about 6-7 cm during deep breathing 

How much air is drawn into the lungs in a deep breath? about 2 1/2 liters (7 cm x 350cc) 

 What are the four principal methods of breath management? clavicular, thoracic, abdominal, and balanced 

According to McKinney (quoted here), what is the difference between breath support and breath control? Breath support is the dynamic relationship between the muscles of inspiration and expiration that are used to control pressure in the air supplied to the larynx, breath control is determined by the efficiency of the glottis regulating airflow through the larynx

What are the problems with clavicular breathing for singing? the ability to control the air on exhalation is hindered, creates too much subglottal pressure