Sarah Brenay - McCoy - Ch. 7

McCoy Ch 7 Respiration Study Questions
What is the axial skeleton?The portion of the human skeleton composed of the spine and thorax.
What is the appendicular skeleton?They skull, pelvis, arms, and legs.
What is the dens or odontoid process?A projection from the axis that inserts into the atlas
Which vertebrae create the pivot point around which the skull can be tilted and rotated?The atlas and the axis.
What is the spinous process, where are they located, and what is their function?A projection on the back of each vertebrea that the back muscles connect to.
Describe the size and angle of the spinous processes.In the lumbar region the spinous process is stumpy and thick, and projects out straight from the spine. In the thoracic region the spinous process is longer and extends at a downward angle to the spine.
What are the bones of the pelvis?The ilium, ischium, and pubis bones.
How is McCoy’s description of the connection of the ribs to the sternum different than Malde’s?I believe Malde stated that only ribs 7-10 shared a cartilaginous connection to the sternum. McCoy says that 5-10 all share a connection.
Describe the parts of the sternum.The sternum is made up of two body plates. The upper plate is called the manubrium, and the lower is called the corpus. The joint between them fuses as we age.
Describe the pleural sacs and their function.They enclose the lungs and adhere to the lungs and the interior wall of the thorax so that when the thorax expands, so do the lungs.
What is Boyle’s Law?Pressure and volume are inversely proportional. If the space decreases, the pressure increases. If the space increases, the pressure decreases.
Expansion of the chest and/or abdomen upon inhalation causes air to flow into the lungs; expansion is never the effect of air entering
the lungs.
Describe the lungs.The lungs are made of spongy, porous material. The right lung is composed of three lobes. The left is made up of only two lobes and is smaller to make room for the heart.
Describe the bronchial tree.Air comes into the body through the trachea and then separates into two tubes. These divide into more tubes creating the bronchial tree. These tubes insert into the lobes of each lung, and then continue to divide and branch off into smaller and smaller tubes.
Describe the aveolar sacs and their function.At the end of each bronchial tube is an alveoli. These small sacs are where the exchange of blood gasses occurs.
Describe the central tendon of the diaphragm.The many muscle fibers of the diaphragm meet in the center and insert into the central tendon. The central tendon is strong and fibrous and is shaped like a boomerang.
How does the range of motion of the diaphragm vary between quiet breathing and deep breathing?In quiet breathing, the diaphragm only moves 1.5 centimeters. In deep breathing it moves as much as 6 or 7!
How much air is drawn into the lungs in a deep breath?
2.5 Liters in an average healthy adult.
What are the four principal methods of breath management?Clavicular, thoracic, abdominal, and balanced breath.
According to McKinney (quoted here), what is the difference between breath support and breath control?They are independent, yet related functions.
What are the problems with clavicular breathing for singing?
There is less control in the exhale. There is no antagonistic control.