Chapter Summary: Although singing is a bit abstract, and singers often rely on sensation and imagery to rule their vocal production, we must have an understanding of the science of sound to facilitate learning. This can help us avoid unhealthy voice habits, and potentially vocal pathologies. Sound is energy carried through sound waves. Air vibrates, and then there must be a receiver for the sound to be heard. Decibel level is higher for higher pitches. Therefore higher pitches are much easier to hear. Singers should remember this when singing high tones -- they need not to be sung loudly.
"Intensity is the amount of energy or power per second per square centimeter of a sound wave." The loudest sound or "threshold of pain" is around 120 dB.
When studying wave form, if the mass of a resonator is increased, the amount of resonance will increase. When sound is rebounded, various frequencies can be amplified or cancelled. Pitches consist of a fundamental frequency and overtones.
Resonance is the relationship between two vibrating bodies: the musical tone and the supplementary vibrator.
Key Terms: hertz, condensations, rarifications, pitch, noise, decibels, bernoulli effect, elastic recoil, intensity, loudness, wave form, resonance, sympathetic vibration
Key Concepts: The Bernoulli effect states that moving air has less pressure than stationary air. When we think a pitch, the Vf's approximate, and then a steady pressure of air parts the vocal folds. This drop in air pressure causes the VF's to come together to produce sound. The Venturi Effect is another law of physics that states that if the flow is consistent then pressure and the opening are in opposition (garden hose). Beat phenomenon is when two vibrating sources differ slightly in frequency. This phenomenon occurs in choirs a lot.
Making Connections: I can recognize beat phenomenon in chamber singers at times. Sometimes the chords don't completely lock in intonation, and in result, there aren't proper overtones present.
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