The
muscle of the lips extends all the way up to the nose and all the way
down to the indentation above the chin.
Describe
the buccinators: include location, attachments, and function and resonance
effect form the inside of the cheeks, connect lips in front, connect to upper pharyngeal constrictor at tendinous raphe at back; contraction of buccinators leads to contraction of other muscles, including SPC, and is undesirable in classical singing
What
is the tongue’s survival function? to move food and begin swallowing
What
is the function of the tongue for singing? to form vowels and consonants
How
many intrinsic tongue muscles are there?
4 What is their function? fine motor movements of articulation
How
many extrinsic tongue muscles are there? 5
What is their function? move tongue up, down, forward, back
Where
does the tongue have attachments? to the hyoid bone, mandible
What
is the septum of the tongue? What is its
function? point of attachment from hyoid bone to intrinsic muscles of tongue
What
are ways that singers use their tongues inappropriately? for pushing down the larynx, pull tongue back to increase pharyngeal resonance
What
is the only healthy way to lower the larynx? to use muscles below the larynx--the omohyoid, sternohyoid, and sternothyroid
Which
four muscles in the neck are the only muscles
that can play a positive role in vocal resonance? omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and stylopharyngeus
What
is the function of the rest of the next muscles? turning the head, lifting the arms
What
are the strongest muscles that pull up on the larynx? hyoglossus
Describe
the aryepiglottic sphincter (location and function) just above vocal folds, defined by muscles surrounding the epiglottis
What
causes the Singer’s Formant? engagement of aryepiglottic muscles to narrow the space where the larynx opens to pharynx
What
is vowel modification? opening the mouth more for higher pitches on closed vowels, more necessary in higher ranges
How
can we be singing the correct pitch and still be off in terms of intonation? inconsistency in resonance, and over-emphasis of certain overtones
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