Emily F. McCoy 11

Emily F. McCoy 11:

What is the location and function of the intrinsic tongue muscles? within the blade of the tongue, the part that lies in the oral cavity--these are used to form consonants and vowels

What is the location and function of the extrinsic tongue muscles? lie above, behind, and below the blade--for extending, retracting, elevating, depressing, and curling

Why does movement of the tongue impact other structures of vocal tract? because the attachments of the tongue are connected to many other structures--jaw, hyoid, pharynx, palate

Name and describe the 4 tongue muscles that make up the “muscle sandwich”. superior and inferior longitudinal muscles--top and bottom of tongue, fibers running front to back, when contracted shortened dorsum; horizontal muscles--in middle of tongue, contraction narrows blade and can curl up sides; vertical --in the middle of tongue, contraction flattens tongue

Name and describe the extrinsic tongue muscles. palatoglossus--originates in soft palate, runs with walls of pharynx to underside of tongue, can raise posterior of tongue and/or lower soft palate; styloglossus--originates at styloid process, inserts in posterior of tongue, retracts and elevates back of tongue, assists with curling; genioglossus--fills interior arch of mandible, inserts in underside of dorsum, pulls tongue forward; hyoglossus--links tongue to hyoid bone, depresses tongue

What is the biological function of the pharynx and palate? forming an airway, and entrance to alimentary canal

Describe the alveolar ridge. bony prominence in front of hard palate

What are the faucial pillars? the pillar-looking things at the back of the throat, behind the tongue and in front of the tonsils

What is another name for your soft palate? velum

What is the purpose of your uvula? to collect excess mucous and drop it into the digestive tract

Describe the muscles of the pharynx constrictors--superior, middle, inferior, for swallowing; palatoglossus--narrows pharynx; palatopharyngeus--originates in soft palate, down through pharynx, inserts in thyroid cartilage, lowering soft palate, tensing and narrowing pharynx, elevating larynx; stylopharyngeus--originates at styloid process, runs down between SPC and MPC, merging with palatopharyngeus, connects to thyroid cartilage, opens pharynx and raises larynx; salpingopharyngeus--narrow band from auditory tube down to merge with palatopharyngeus, elevates lateral walls, narrowing pharynx, and opens auditory tube to equalize pressure

Describe the muscles of the soft palate. levator palati--forms bulk of palate, originates in skull and auditory tube, lifts palate; musculus uvulae--retracts uvula upward into soft palate; tensor palati--connects to skull and auditory tube, tenses and flattens palate

How do we lower the soft palate? passively--released muscles and gravity lower the palate; actively--palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus contract

Describe the jaw.  What is its anatomical name? one jaw, single, unpaired bone that looks like a U when viewed from above, has upward projection called ramus on each side, also condoyles that articulate with the skull; mandible

How does the strength of the muscles that close the jaw compare with the muscles of those that open the jaw? muscles that open the jaw are relatively weak, muscles that close the jaw are large and strong

Describe the primary muscles responsible for jaw elevation (closing)? masseter--originates in cheekbone area and wraps down around ramus; internal pterygoid--originates at pterygoid plate and inserts to inside of jaw at base of ramus; temporalis--large fan-shaped muscle that covers most of the side of the head above the ear

What is the advantage besides size that the jaw closing muscles have over the jaw opening muscles? the jaw closing muscles are attached to the stable skull, and the jaw opening muscles are attached to the suspended, free-moving hyoid bone

How does opening the mouth for everyday life differ from opening the mouth for singing? must be dropped farther and more quickly

Describe the muscles that can be used to actively open the jaw. digastric--two bellies, anterior belly from hyoid to mandible at chin and contracts to open jaw; mylohyoid--originating at mandible and inserting at hyoid, minimal help in opening jaw; geniohyoid--thin muscle attaching mandible and hyoid

Why is muscular antagonism such a bad problem in jaw movement for singing? jaw closing tension forces the jaw openers to elevate the larynx

What is the solution to this problem? release all jaw muscles

Describe the final two jaw-depressing muscles that do not have a connection to the hyoid. platysma--wide, thin face muscle responsible for producing a grimace; lateral/external pterygoid--originating at pterygoid plate, travels laterally to insert in top of ramus

What is sublaxation of the jaw? dropping the jaw out of its normal socket