What is the location and function of the intrinsic tongue muscles? Found within the blade of the tongue, the portion that lies in the oral cavity and moves to form the vowels and consonants of speech.
What is the location and function of the extrinsic tongue muscles? Lie below, behind and above the blade, enabling it to be extended, retracted, elevated, depressed and curled.
Why does movement of the tongue impact other structures of vocal tract? The muslces of the tongue form a large muscle complex that fills the space within the jaw, extending down to the hyoid bone and up into the pharynx and palate. They have a large impact due to the multiple attachment points
Name and describe the 4 tongue muscles that make up the “muscle sandwich”. Superior and inferior longitudinal tongue muscles, which have long fibers running from the anterior to posterior of the dorsum. The horizontal runs through the medial/lateral plane of the dorsum. The vertical muscles are oriented from the top to bottom.
Name and describe the extrinsic tongue muscles. Palatoglossus: originates in the soft palate and runs within the walls of the pharynx to insert into the underside of the tongue. Stylogolossus: begins at the styloid process, a protrusion of bone immediately in front of and slightly below the ear canal, and inserts into the posterior of the tongue. Hyoglossus: links the tongue with the hyoid bone. Genioglossus: a relatively large muscle that fills the interior arch of the mandible and inserts into the underside of the dorsum.
What is the biological function of the pharynx and palate? They form an airway, allowing the transport of oxygen to the lungs, and they serve as the entrance to the alimentary canal, passing sustenance to the digestive system.
Describe the alveolar ridge. A bony prominence that leads to your hard palate.
What are the faucial pillars? The vertical sections of a proscenium arch, near the back of the tongue.
What is another name for your soft palate? Velum
What is the purpose of your uvula? Serves as a collection point for excess mucus produced in the nasopharynx and nose, which is then dropped directly into the digestive tract.
Describe the muscles of the pharynx. The superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles. The palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, stylopharyngeal, and the salpingopharyngeus.
Describe the muscles of the soft palate. Levator palati/levator veli palatine, musculus uvulae, and the tensor palati muscles.
How do we lower the soft palate? If the levator and tensor palati muscles are relaxed, the weight of gravity pressing upon the palate will passively depress it. The previously mentioned palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus muscles both contract to actively lower the palate.
Describe the jaw. What is its anatomical name? Also called the mandible, is a single, unpaired bone that resembles the letter U or V when viewed from above.
How does the strength of the muscles that close the jaw compare with the muscles of those that open the jaw? The muscles that close the mouth are exceptionally strong--they can break teeth--as opposed to the relatively weak muscles that open the jaw.
Describe the primary muscles responsible for jaw elevation (closing)? The masseter, internal pterygoid, and temporalis.
What is the advantage besides size that the jaw closing muscles have over the jaw opening muscles? The jaw closing muscle gain mechanical advantage through their connections to the skull, which is fixed in position relative to the jaw.
How does opening the mouth for everyday life differ from opening the mouth for singing? In everyday life, the jaw generally is dropped by relaxing the closing muscles, assisted by the downward pull of gravity. However, in singing, speaking, and eating, the jaw often must be dropped farther and ore quickly than is possible by gravity alone.
Describe the muscles that can be used to actively open the jaw. The digastric, mylohyoid and geniohyoid.
Why is muscular antagonism such a bad problem in jaw movement for singing? If resistive tension is present in the jaw closers, the openers will induce their secondary action: laryngeal elevation.
What is the solution to this problem? The best solution is to minimize tension in all jaw muscles during phonation.
Describe the final two jaw-depressing muscles that do not have a connection to the hyoid. The platysma and the lateral/external pterygoid.
What is sublaxation of the jaw? Dropping the jaw out of its normal socket in the TM joint.
No comments:
Post a Comment