What is the location and function of the intrinsic tongue
muscles?
Intrinsic tongue
muscles are found within the blade (dorsum) of the tongue , the portion that
lies in the oral cavity and moves to form the vowels and consonants of speech.
What is the location and function of the extrinsic tongue
muscles?
Extrinsic tongue
muscles lie below, behind and above the blade, enabling it to be extended,
retracted, elevated, depressed, and curled.
Why does movement of the tongue impact other structures of
vocal tract?
Because of the multiple attachment points.
Name and describe the 4 tongue muscles that make up the
“muscle sandwich”.
Superior and inferior
longitudinal- long fibers running from the anterior to posterior of the dorsum.
When contracted the entire dorsum in shortened. Contraction in the superior
allows for the tongue to curl up. Contraction in the inferior allows the tongue
allows the tip of the tongue to move downward.
The filling of the tongue, consist of the horizontal and vertical
muscles. The horizontal muscles run through the medital/lateral plane of the
dorsum and the vertical muscles are oriented from top to bottom. The
contraction of the horizontal narrows the blade and is also responsible for
curling the sides upward to form a long furrow. Contraction of the vertical
flattens the tongue.
Name and describe the extrinsic tongue muscles.
Palatoglossus- runs
from the soft palate to the walls of the pharynx to insert into the underside
of the tongue. (It can raise the posterior of the tongue and lower the soft
palate).
Styloglossus- begins
at the styloid process and inserts into the posterior of the tongue.
Contraction elevates the back of the tongue and assist with curling the central
portion.
Genioglossus-the
interior arch of the mandible and inserts into the underside of the
dorsum. This pulls the tongue forward.
Hyoglossus- tongue to
the hyoid bone (tongue depression)
What is the biological function of the pharynx and palate?
They form the airway,
allowing transport of oxygen to the lungs and they serve as the entrance to the
alimentary canal, passing sustenance to the digestive system.
Describe the alveolar ridge.
A bony prominence
that leads to your hard palate. This
plays an important role in pronouncing consonants including plosives like; d,
t, nasal continuant n , and sibilants s,
and z .
What are the faucial pillars?
Faucial pillars are
seen near the back of the tongue, resembling the vertical sections of a
proscenium arch.
What is another name for your soft palate?
Velum
What is the purpose of your uvula?
You uvula serves as a
collection point for excess mucus that is produced in the nasopharynx and nose
which is then dropped directly in to the digestive tract.
Describe the muscles of the pharynx.
Palatoglossus –
lowers the palate and raises the tongue
Palatopharyngeus –lowering
of the soft palate, tensing and narrowing the pharynx, causes laryngeal
elevation
Stylopharyngeal –elevation
of the larynx, widening of opening to esophagus at lower pharynx
Salpingopharyngeus –elevates
lateral walls of pharynx
Describe the muscles of the soft palate.
Levator palati
(palatine) – raises the palate (skull to palate)
Tensor palati –tenses
and flattens palate, helps equalize pressure in middle ear (within the soft
palate).
How do we lower the soft palate?
By relaxing the
levator and tensor. The weight of gravity pressing upon the palate will
passively depress it.
Describe the jaw.
What is its anatomical name?
The jaw is a single unpaired bone that
resembles the letter U or V when viewed from above. Another name for the jaw is
called the Mandible.
How does the strength of the muscles that close the jaw
compare with the muscles of those that open the jaw?
Muscles that raise
the jaw are robust and very strong in humans. They can exert sufficient force
to break teeth.
Describe the primary muscles responsible for jaw elevation
(closing)?
Internal medial
(pterygoid) – pterygoid plate to ramus (joining with masseter to form a sling)
Masseter- zygomatic
region to mandible
Temporalis-temporal
plate of skull to inside of ramus (side
of head)
What is the advantage besides size that the jaw closing
muscles have over the jaw opening muscles?
The jaw closing muscles have an advantage because of their
connection the skull.
How does opening the mouth for everyday life differ from
opening the mouth for singing?
In everyday life the
jaw generally is dropped by relaxing the closing muscles, assisted by downward
pull of gravity. In singing, the jaw
often must be dropped farther and more quickly than is possible by gravity
alone.
Describe the muscles that can be used to actively open the
jaw.
Digastric-
Anterior belly – chin to hyoid bone
Posterior belly- hyoid bone to
mastoid process
Why is muscular antagonism such a bad problem in jaw
movement for singing?
Muscular antagonism
is such a bad problem in jaw movement for singing because of laryngeal
elevation.
What is the solution to this problem?
Minimize tension in
the jaw during phonation.
Describe the final two jaw-depressing muscles that do not
have a connection to the hyoid.
Platysma- outside of
the jaw, upper neck. Attached from the mandible to the neck.
Lateral Pterygoid –
jaw and face. Pterygoid plate to ramus near the conyle.
What is sublaxation of the jaw?
Dropping the jaw out
of its normal socket in the TM joint
No comments:
Post a Comment