What is McKinney’s definition of Resonance?
the process by which the basic product of phonation is enhanced in timbre and or intensity by the air-filled cavities through which it passes on its way to the outside air
What is the end point (the purpose) of resonation?
to make a better sound
Define the 2 basic kinds of resonance.
sympathetic and conductive
Describe how conductive resonance works in singing.
the resonators starts vibrating because it is in physical contact with a vibrating body, also called forced resonance
Describe how sympathetic resonance works in singing.
there is no physical contact between the tow bodies. The resonator starts functioning because it receives vibrations through the air and responds to them sympathetically.
What are the factors that determine the resonance characteristics of a resonator?
1. Size
2. Shape
3. Type of opening
4. Composition and thickness of the walls
5. Surface
6. Combined Resonators
If a resonator is larger, in general, what will happen to its resonant frequency?
the lower the frequency it will respond to (the greater the volume of air, the lower its pitch)
Which pitches does a conical shaped resonator amplify?
amplifies all pitches indiscriminately
In a cylindrical resonator, which parameter is the primary pitch determiner?
the length of the tube
In what ways can the opening of a spherical resonator affect resonant pitch?
the amount of opening and whether or not the opening has a lip
What 3 factors relating to the walls of a resonator will affect how it functions?
the material it is made of, the thickness of the walls, and the type of surface it has
How does the hardness/softness of the surface of a resonator affect how it functions?
the harder the surface of the resonator, the more selective it will be, the softer the surface, the more universal (responding to a broad range of frequencies) it will be.
What happens to the resonant frequency of a resonator when it is combined with another?
lower the resonant frequence of each in different proportion according to their capacities, their orifices and so forth.
What are the 7 POSSIBLE vocal resonators?
the chest, the tracheal tree, the larynx itself, the pharynx, the oral cavity, the nasal cavity and the sinuses
Why does McKinney consider the pharynx the most important resonator?
it is the first cavity that vibration pass through all the other cavities have to accept whatever the larynx passes on to them.
Why does McKinney consider the oral cavity the 2nd most important resonator?
it is where the sound it made understandable by creating consonants, and makin the sound heard
Vibrations in the nasal cavity are the RESULT not the CAUSE of the sound you are producing.
the process by which the basic product of phonation is enhanced in timbre and or intensity by the air-filled cavities through which it passes on its way to the outside air
What is the end point (the purpose) of resonation?
to make a better sound
Define the 2 basic kinds of resonance.
sympathetic and conductive
Describe how conductive resonance works in singing.
the resonators starts vibrating because it is in physical contact with a vibrating body, also called forced resonance
Describe how sympathetic resonance works in singing.
there is no physical contact between the tow bodies. The resonator starts functioning because it receives vibrations through the air and responds to them sympathetically.
What are the factors that determine the resonance characteristics of a resonator?
1. Size
2. Shape
3. Type of opening
4. Composition and thickness of the walls
5. Surface
6. Combined Resonators
If a resonator is larger, in general, what will happen to its resonant frequency?
the lower the frequency it will respond to (the greater the volume of air, the lower its pitch)
Which pitches does a conical shaped resonator amplify?
amplifies all pitches indiscriminately
In a cylindrical resonator, which parameter is the primary pitch determiner?
the length of the tube
In what ways can the opening of a spherical resonator affect resonant pitch?
the amount of opening and whether or not the opening has a lip
What 3 factors relating to the walls of a resonator will affect how it functions?
the material it is made of, the thickness of the walls, and the type of surface it has
How does the hardness/softness of the surface of a resonator affect how it functions?
the harder the surface of the resonator, the more selective it will be, the softer the surface, the more universal (responding to a broad range of frequencies) it will be.
What happens to the resonant frequency of a resonator when it is combined with another?
lower the resonant frequence of each in different proportion according to their capacities, their orifices and so forth.
What are the 7 POSSIBLE vocal resonators?
the chest, the tracheal tree, the larynx itself, the pharynx, the oral cavity, the nasal cavity and the sinuses
Why does McKinney consider the pharynx the most important resonator?
it is the first cavity that vibration pass through all the other cavities have to accept whatever the larynx passes on to them.
Why does McKinney consider the oral cavity the 2nd most important resonator?
it is where the sound it made understandable by creating consonants, and makin the sound heard
Vibrations in the nasal cavity are the RESULT not the CAUSE of the sound you are producing.
What are the 3 primary resonators?
pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity
What are the optimal conditions in the vocal resonators for classical singing?
larynx low, open throat
What are the favorable conditions for creating the Singer’s Formant (Sundberg)
1. lowering the larynx
2. widening the laryngeal ventricle
3. widening of the pyriform sinuses
Describe the 2 categories of faults related to nasal resonance.
1. excessive nasal resonance (hypernasality)
2. insufficient nasal resonance (hyponasality)
What is postnasality? What is another name for it?
the sound seems to be formed behind the nose, also called nasal honk
What is forced nasality? What is another name for it?
tight pinched sound which seems to be centered in the nasal cavity, also called nasal twang
What is denasality?
occurs when some physical condition or organix factor prevents the ormal formation of the nasal consonants and limits nasal resonance in other sounds
What are some causes of a sound that is too bright?
too much emphasis on the mouth as a resonator and not enough on the pharynx
What are some causes of a sound that is too dark?
too much emphasis on the pharynx and not enough on the mouth
No comments:
Post a Comment