What are the area of vocal technique that are most strongly dependent on the student’s ability to coordinate various functions? Extending the vocal range, developing consistent flexibility and agility, and achieving a balanced vibrato.
What are the 5 purposes McKinney gives for vocal exercise? warming up the voice, extending the range, lining up the voice horizontally and vertically, acquiring vocal technique, and correcting vocal faults.
What are his recommendations for range for the warm-up part of vocal exercise? They should start in the comfortable range of the voice. Don't sing high until the voice is already warmed up. Move from limited range to wider range.
Summarize the recommended sequence of events for warming up. Include sounds that require the activation of the jaw, lips, tongue, soft palate ([bah yah mah lah ding hunggah]). Use sounds that will stimulate vibration in the head and chest ([ding mum boom noh voom non one zoom] or hum). The sequence of events is: stretch the body, release tension in shoulders, neck, and throat. Descending five note exercises. Arpeggiated exercises which start low and extend up blah blah. I don't like Mckinney.
What is the key to good vocalization? Knowing the purpose of the vocalise. Knowing why you do what and when to do what. Being able to make up your own on the spot based on what you hear.
What is the first step in coordinating the voice so that you may start to work on range extension? To establish good vocal habits in the comfortable range of the voice.
What are the three factors which significantly affect the ability to sing higher or lower? Energy, space, and depth.
As you sing from the bottom to the top of your voice there should be a continuum of
carefully graduated changes in the amount of energy, space and depth being used.
What is meant by the energy factor? You need to use more energy when you sing higher.
What is meant by the space factor? You need more space when you sing higher.
What are the 2 sources of more space? Oral cavity space, and back of the mouth space.
What is the depth factor? As you sing higher, you must have more depth.
What is meant by lining up the voice? Attaining consistent tone quality.
What approaches can one use to unify the voice? Vowels, registers, resonance.
What is horizontal vowel alignment? Being able to sing different vowels on the same pitch without a noticeable change in tone quality.
What is vertical vowel alignment? Being able to sing one vowel on any pitch without a change in tone quality.
How do we maintain the vowels’ phonemic identities and still produce them without noticeable change of quality? by finding a basic tongue position that allows easy access to each vowel position.
What are the two aspects of vertical alignment of the voice? Singing throughout the range on the same vowel, and singing on a random sequence of vowels.
McKinney lists yet another aspect of vertical alignment. What is it? The ability to sing wide intervals without distracting changes of tone quality or dynamic level.
What are the ‘secrets’ to the ability to sing high notes? Always make a connection from the lower note preceding. Crescendo on the lower note before jumping up. Do not think of the high note as high.
What are the ‘secrets’ to negotiate large leaps down into the lower voice? Do not have too much support. Is he an idiot? Who is this guy?
What are the 3 majors types of exercises that use falsetto? Those that start in falsetto and move slowly into modal voice as they descend. Those that start in a supported falsetto sound and then thicken into model voice or are carried down. those that start low in modal and then jump up to falsetto.
The resonance system in adjusted in some way for every different vowel and every different pitch.
McKinney state that many voices encounter a problem area somewhere between C4-G4. What are the 4 explanations for the problem for males and the 2 for women? Explanations for male voice: the resonant frequency of the tracheal tree creates acoustical impedance at this pitch level, the area coincides with the first formant, this is the area where vowel modification plays a prominent role, this a transition area into or out of falsetto. For women: the resonant frequency of the tracheal tree, and it's the are of the first formant.
What is cover? A mellow, rich, round, dark sound. It occurs when the pharyngeal cavity is open and the soft palate is high.
What is open? This is a spread, yell like quality that occurs with a raised larynx and constricted pharynx.
What are the steps to eliminating problems in the lower transition area in the female voice? Make sure the brassy, high larynx sound is not being used. Do descending exercise while maintaining a bright, forward tone and not going breathy.
What is vibrato? Vibrato is a pulsation of varying pitch and loudness, synchronized to achieve a consistent rate and extent.
What are the parameters of good vibrato? Between 5-7 times per second, and not varying over a half step.
What are the 2 main causes of vibrato problems?
Excessive tension in the laryngeal mechanism, and/or unbalanced breath support.
What are the 2 causes of bleat?
The muscles of the abdominal walls must stop overworking and the support mechanism must be established. Then the vocal folds must be trained so that they stay in continuous phonation.
What is primary cause of straight tone?
Mainly laryngeal tension. Often it has to do with the tonal model of the singer.
What are the main causes of wobble? Lack of physical exercise and lack of vocal exercise.
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