What is the location and function of the intrinsic tongue muscles? They are found in the blade of the tongue (the portion in the oral cavity). They move to form the vowels and consonants of speech.
What is the location and function of the extrinsic tongue muscles? They are located below, behind, and above the blade. They cause the tongue to extend, retract, elevate, depress, and curl.
Why does movement of the tongue impact other structures of vocal tract? Because the muscles of the tongue have attachment points in the hyoid bone, jaw, palate, and pharynx.
Name and describe the 4 tongue muscles that make up the “muscle sandwich”. Superior and inferior longitudinal muscles form the top and bottom of the sandwich. They have long fibers running from front to back. When they contract simultaneously the entire dorsum is shortened. The horizontal and vertical muscles form the body of the sandwich. The horizontal muscles run through the medial/lateral lane of the dorsum while the vertical tongue muscles run from top to bottom. .
Name and describe the extrinsic tongue muscles. The palatoglossus originates in the soft palate and runs within the walls of the pharynx to insert into the underside of the tongue. It can raise the posterior tongue or lower the soft palate. The styloglossus runs from the styloid process to the posterior of the tongue. When contracted, it retracts and elevates the back of the tongue. The hyoglosses goes from the base of the dorsum to the hyoid bone and depresses the tongue. The genioglosses goes from the interior arch of the mandible to the underside of the dorsum and pulls the tongue forward.
What is the biological function of the pharynx and palate? They form an airway so that air can pass through the mouth/nose into the lungs, and they serve as the entry to the esophagus, allowing food to reach the stomach.
Describe the alveolar ridge. Bony prominence that leads to your hard palate.
What are the faucial pillars? Two vertical sections of the proscenium arch.
What is another name for your soft palate? Velum.
What is the purpose of your uvula? Transport mucus.
Describe the muscles of the pharynx. The Inferior, Middle, and Superior constrictors have been discussed. The palatoglossus connects the tongue to the palate. The styloharyngeal muscle connects the pharynx to the styloid process. The salingopharyngus forms a narrow band running from the auditory tube down to the palatopharyngeus. Weird! All of these muscles aid in swallowing.
Describe the muscles of the soft palate. The levetor palatini muscle forms the bulk of the palate and elevates it to close off the nasal cavity. The musculus uvulae retracts the uvula upward into the soft palate. The palatoglossus and palatopharyngeous muscles can actively lower the soft palate, although gravity does this naturally as well.
How do we lower the soft palate? I just said.
Describe the jaw. What is its anatomical name? The mandible is a single bone the is U shaped and projects upward at the ends.
How does the strength of the muscles that close the jaw compare with the muscles of those that open the jaw? They are much stronger.
Describe the primary muscles responsible for jaw elevation (closing)? The masseter originates at the zygomatic region and inserts over most of the ramus. And the pterygoid, which originates at the pterygoid plate and inserts into the inside of the ramus. The temporalis is huge, fanning out over the side of the head above the ear. It inserts into the anterior of the ramus.
What is the advantage besides size that the jaw closing muscles have over the jaw opening muscles? They are fixed to the skull.
How does opening the mouth for everyday life differ from opening the mouth for singing? It must drop faster and further than the release of muscles + gravity enables.
Describe the muscles that can be used to actively open the jaw. The digastric has two bellies: one running from the mastoid process to the hyoid bone, and one goes from the hyoid bone to the chin. The mylohyoid is thin and insignificant, it is fan shaped and runs along the inside of the mandible before connecting to the hyoid. The geniohyoid funs from the chin to the hyoid.
Why is muscular antagonism such a bad problem in jaw movement for singing? Because the muscles that elevate the jaw also elevate the larynx. Oops! Bad move Creator.
What is the solution to this problem? Release all muscles of the jaw wherever possible.
Describe the final two jaw-depressing muscles that do not have a connection to the hyoid. The platysma which is a facial muscle that causes you to grimace. And the lateral pterygoid which originates at the pterygoid plate and travels laterally to insert into the top of the ramus.
What is sublaxation of the jaw? Dropping the jaw out of its normal socket.
No comments:
Post a Comment