LaeKin Burgess, McCoy ch. 1

McCoy Chapter 1

Clean-Raspy

Dramatic-Lyric

Loft-Twang

Clear- Breathy

Healthy-Damaged

Dark-Bright

Forward- Back

Ringing- Conversational

Nasal- Non-Nasal

Free- Forced

Straight Tone- Vibrant

Wobble-Flutter

Chiaroscuro- Balance between free flowing air and speech-like qualities in singing. Literally, light/dark.

How does the strength of the overtones cary in tones that are bright vs. dark? 
Bright sounds have stronger high-pitched overtones resulting in a brilliance and carrying power. Dark sounds have stronger low-pitched overtones resulting in warmth and fulness. 

What causes twang resonance? how would you describe the sound?
Twang resonance is a result of the narrowing of the vocal tract causing an edgy, brassy sound.

What causes loft resonance?  relaxing and enlarging the pharynx and lifting the soft palate.

What often causes the sound to be ‘back’ rather than forward? Root of tongue tension can cause the sound to be too far back.

Lyric and dramatic are indicators of both the size and the COLOR of the voice.

Synonyms for light and dramatic might be  LIGHT and   FULL. (3)

What is the cause of breathiness?Incomplete closure of the glottis.

What is raspiness?  What causes raspiness?Raspiness is a result of irregular events during vibration of the vocal folds.  This can possibly be the result of voice pathologies and disorders.

How are breathiness and raspiness different?Breathiness sounds like a hiss or white noise in the background of the singing. Raspiness sounds like hoarseness and may include coarse, gravelly sounds.

What are signs of a damaged voice?Hoarse, raspy sounds that are not deliberately induced by the singer, cracking or poppy noises, diplophonia and problems with intonation are all signs of voice damage.

What is nasality?  What causes nasality? Nasality describes when a tone is resonating in the nasal cavity. This happens when the soft palate is not closing off the passageway between the nasal cavity and the back of the throat.

Define free singing. Free singing is when the amount of air pressure is appropriate to the desired vocal quality.

Define forced singing. (5) Increasing pressure on the vocal folds in attempt to express emotion.

Define vibrato. (5) Vibrato is a long-term vibration or oscillation superimposed on a sustained frequency.

What is the compass of a normal vibrato? (5) major 2nd or more from top to bottom

Describe the characteristics of regular vibrato. (5) Equal portions of pitch and loudness modulation that occur in perfect synchronization.

What does pitch-dominant vibrato sound like? (5) resembles a perpetual slow trill which can make it difficult to determine what pitch actually is being sung.

What does loudness-dominant vibrato sound like? (5) Can have a bleating quality like a child imitating the call of a goat.

What is the oscillation rate of a healthy, well-balanced vibrato? (5) 4.5-7cps

Define wobble. (5-6) a wide vibrato that oscillates less than 4.5cps with a particularly wide pitch compass.

What causes wobble? (6) poor singing technique, prolonged taxing voice use, neurological disorders or old age.

How can we avoid developing a wobble? (6) Good vocal hygiene and pulmonary health.

Define flutter. (6)  vibrato of over 7cps and a narrow pitch compass.