Jared D McCoy Chp 4

1.How is the vocal tract like the amplifier and tone controls of a stereo system?
-Like a stereo system, the vocal tract can selectively amplify and focus frequencies present in a sound source.

2.Define Formant
- A formant is a resonance of the vocal tract

3. Which Formants are responsible for vowel creation?
-The formants responsible for vowel creation are F1 and F2.

4.What is formant tuning?
- Formant tuning is the synchronization of F1 with the fundamental frequency or a harmonic overtone.

5.Why is the finger's formant important?
-  The singer's formant is important because it allows the voice to project and be heard over an orchestra or other noisy situations.

6. Are there alternatives to using the singer's formant?
- Some tenors use F2 instead of F5 for their high notes and healthy sopranos do not need it to be heard.

7. How are formants viewed differently in linear and nonlinear descriptions of vocal resonance?
- In the linear model, the formant peaks provide maximum amplification. In the nonlinear model, maximum amplification occurs just prior to the formant peak.

8. What is the average pitch for F1 of the cardinal vowels?
- i=E4, e=C5, a=G5, o=C5, u=E4

9. How are the formants different from the resonance frequencies in a fixed-diameter quarter-wave resonator?
-Formant Frequencies can be changed by moving the articulators. Resonators of a fixed diameter tube are locked into place.

10. If the vowel /a/ is sung on F4, which of the first three harmonics is likely to be strongest?
The note 2F because it is in close proximity to F2 of /a/, which centers around the pitch G5.