a) What minimum frequency range is required to view the impact of both vowel and singer's formants in a spectrogram? 0-500Hz (provided by a minimum sample rate of 11kHz)
b) What are the differences between narrowband and wideband spectrograms? Narrowband clearly displays all harmonics; wideband only shows the frequency range of formant zones
c) What types of analysis can be used to help a singer develop a chiaroscuro timbre? Anything that shows the relative intensity of high and low frequency energy in the sound, but especially spectrograms, power spectra, and LPC
d) What type of analysis is best suited to help a singer develop an even vibrato? Narrowband spectrogram
e) Why does realtime analysis feedback often work better for male voices than female voices? Because they sing at lower fundamentals, which leaves room for more harmonics in the display. There are also more harmonics available to interact with formants.
f) What is the minimum sample rate required to analyze frequencies in the 0-11kHz range? 22kHz
g) Why is formant analysis with LPC often inaccurate? Accuracy is greatly reduced or eliminated when F0 exceeds the expected frequency range of F1
h) What is meant by the term closed quotient? CQ is the ratio of time the glottis is closed versus open during a cycle of vibration, expressed as a percent.
i) Why is EGG analysis considered to be noninvasive? Measurement is done externally by placing electrodes on the neck
j) What is spirometry? The procedure that measures breath capacity
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