(a). What minimum frequency range is required to view the impact of both vowel and singer's formant in a spectrogram? 0=5500 Hz
(b). What are the differences between narrowband and wideband spectrograms? Narrowband spectrograms divide the frequency spectrum into small segments, allowing all of the harmonics to be seen individually. Wideband spectrograms divide the frequency divide the spectrum into wider segments, allowing you to see the bandwidth of formants more clearly, but obscuring individual harmonic lines.
(c). What types of analysis can be used to help a singer develop a chiaroscuro timbre? Any instruments that show the relative intensity of high and low frequencies in a sound. The best instruments for this include spectrograms, power spectra, and LPC.
(d). What types of analysis is best suited to help singer develop an even vibrato? Those that show the varying fundamental frequency and amplitude in a sound. The narrowband spectrogram is one example.
(e). Why does realtime analysis feedback often work better for male voices than female voices? Because males sing in a lower register and so more of their harmonic series is visible. There is less space between the intervals.
(f). What is the minimum sample rate required to analyze frequencies in the 0-11kHz range? 22kHz
(g). Why is formant analysis with LPC often inaccurate? The system is not as accurate if the fundamental frequency is higher than the location of the first formant.
(h). What is meant by the term closed quotient? The ratio of time the glottis is closed vs the amount of time it is open. It is expressed as a percent.
(i). Why is EGG analysis considered to be noninvasive? Because the data gathering process involves externally placed electrodes, rather than inserting tubes or monitors directly into the throat. This makes it much safer, and allows the voice to function free of obstruction.
(j). What is spirometry? The measurement of breath capacity.
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