Jared D. McCoy Ch 1

Jared D. McCoy Ch 1

Provide missing descriptors
Clean - Raspy
Dramatic- Lyric
Loft- Twang
Clear- Breathy
Healthy- Damaged
Dark- Bright
Forward- Back
Ringing- Conversational
Nasal- Non-Nasal
Free- Forced
Straight Tone- Vibrant
Wobble- Flutter

1. Define Chiaroscuro- It literally means Light/Dark. Its a term used to describe the brightness and darkness in the sound of one's voice.
2.How does the strength of the overtones vary in tones that are bright vs. dark? -Bright tones have stronger high pitched overtones. Dark tones have stronger low pitched over tones.
3.What causes twang resonance? How would you describe the sound? -Twang resonance is caused by narrowing the vocal tract to produce a brassy timbre. Sometimes it comes with a side of extra nasality. The sound is described as very nasally and is often associated in my mind with country singers.
4.What causes loft resonance? -Loft resonance comes from a relaxed and enlarged pharynx with a lifted soft palate.
5.What often causes the sound to be back rather than forward? - When the sound is back, it is usually caused by tension in the root of the tongue, whereas forward singers sing in "the mask"
6. Lyric and dramatic are indicators of both the size and the COLOR of the voice.
7.Synonyms for light and dramatic might be LYRIC and FULL.
8.What is the cause of breathiness?- Breathiness is caused by incomplete closure of the glottis. It can be made worse with poor breath support.
9.What is raspiness? What causes raspiness? -Raspiness is when aperiodic events happen during vocal fold vibration.  \
10. How are breathiness and raspiness different? breathiness sounds like white noise or a hiss. Raspiness sounds hoarse or gravelly.
11.What are signs of a damaged voice? - signs of a damaged voice are hoarse, raspy sounds that are beyond one's direct control. There might also be cracking or popping noises.
12.What is nasality? What causes nasality?- Nasality is described as a tone that actively resonates in the nasal cavity. It is caused by a low relaxed soft palate that fails to seal the passageway from back of throat into the nose.
13.Define free singing. - Free singers give the impression of ease. A free singer should be able to continue without noticeable fatigue even after long periods of singing.
14.Define forced singing - Forced sound gives the impression of being taxing on a singer. If prolonged, they will produce a hoarse sound or you will hear noticeable vocal fatigue.
15. Define vibrato- Vibrato is the long term vibration or oscillation superimposed on a sustained frequency. It is a normal occurrence in well produced free singing.
16. What is the compass of normal vibrato - In a normal vibrato it has a compass of a major second or more from top to bottom.
17.Describe the characteristics of regular vibrato -well balanced vibrato features equal portions of pitch and loudness modulation that occur in perfect syncronization.
18.What does pitch-dominant vibrato sound like? Pitch dominant vibrato resembles a remebles a perpetual slow trill and can be difficult to determine what pitch is actually being sung.
19.What does Loudness- dominant vibrato sound like? - Loudness dominant vibrato can have a bleating quality similar to a billy goat.
20. What is the oscillation rate of a healthy, well-balanced vibrato? A healthy well balanced vibrato will oscillate in the range of 4.5 -7 cycles per second.
21. Define Wobble.-Wobble is defined as a very slow vibrato with a wide pitch compass.
22. What causes wobble?- wobble is caused by poor singing technique, prolonged periods of taxing voice use, simple old age, and neurological disorders.
23.How can we avoid developing a wobble? - Good vocal hygiene, including maintenence of pulmonary fitness are a good way to avoid a wobble.
24. Define flutter. Flutter is a rapid vibrato usually more than 7 cps which also has a narrow pitch compass.