What is the key to success in resonance?
AWARENESS
What are the 9 moveable structures that affect the shape of
your resonator?
-The balance of the head over the spine
-the pharyngeal constrictors
-velum or soft palate
-mandible
-tongue
-lips
-buccinator muscles
-larynx
-aryepiglottic sphincter
Describe the vocal tract at rest.
lips are closed or slightly open, the jaw is slightly open so that there is a space between the upper and lower teeth, the tongue lies in the cradle of the jaw, the cheeks are free and long, the soft palate is suspended, the muscles of the pharynx are neither stretched nor tense, the larynx is midway between its highest and lowest point
Which movements of the vocal tract are essential to all
styles of good singing?
the jaw moves freely for articulation, the tongue with lie easily in the cradle of the jaw but moves to form different vowels and consonants, the pharyngeal muscles will be released, the head will be free to move but remains balanced at the A-O Joint
Which movements are specific to classical style?
lips released and forward, the cheeks are long and free, the jaw will vary in its opening, the larynx will be lower and the soft palate higher
Which movements do non-classical singers make?
wider lateral opening of the mouth allowing the cheeks to pull back on the lips, movement of larynx soft palate and jaw will be closer to those of speech.
Keeping the head in balance does
not mean keeping it IMMOBILE.
What are the two effects of
resonance by the balance of the head?
It can move the larynx and change the curve of the throat
What happens if you allow the
back of the head to pull back and down (Chin up)?
raises the larynx and shortens the vocal tract
Describe the pharyngeal
constrictors, as a whole.
three thin sheets of muscle that nestle against the front of the spine at the back of the throat and curve forward sloping down at the sides.
Describe the location of the SPC.
SPC is connected to the base of the skull right behind the opening to the nose, its sides connect to the muscles of the inner cheek.
Describe the location of the MPC.
connects to the hyoid bone at the base of the tongue, at the level of the corner of the jaw
Describe the location of the IPC.
continuous with the esophagus on the bottom and connects to the cricoid cartilage at the sides
What is the survival function of
the pharyngeal constrictors?
assist in swallowing and regurgitation
What is the job of the pharyngeal
muscles for singing?
stay out of the way!
What is the one muscles that can
open the throat slightly? How does it do this? Where is it located?
the stylopharyngeus muscle, stretches the middle of the pharynx, it originates at the styloid process on the bottom side of the skull right behind the ear and extends obliquely down and forward along the outside of the upper pharyngeal constrictor, inserting between the upper and middle pharyngeal constrictors
What should we avoid doing to try
to get louder? Why?
tensing the sides of the vocal tract, the chamber of air is the resonator NOT the hardness of the vocal tract
What are our choices if we want
more volume?
faster air flow or change the shape of the chamber of air
Describe the velum (location and
function)
valve that opens and closes the passages to the nose, located at the top of the throat above the opening of the pharynx into the mouth
Describe the movements of the
soft palate.
Neutral: allows air to flow freely through the mouth and nose
Highest: closes off the nasal cavity so that air can only move through the mouth
Lowest: closes off the mouth so that air can only move through the nose
How many muscle pairs control the
movement of the soft palate? To what are
they all attached?
There are four muscles pairs that control the movement of the soft
palate: two that lift and stretch it and two that pull it down. They are all attached to the uvular muscle.
What are the muscles called that
lift the soft palate? Describe their location.
levator veli palatini muscles, base of the skull behind the nose passing through the upper pharyngeal constrictor and insert into the top of the uvular muscle
Which muscles stretch the soft
palate from side to side? Describe their
location.
tensor veli palatini muscles, originate slightly farther forward than the base of the skull and descend to the pterygoid hamulus and turn a corner to attach to the sides of the uvular muscle
What is the secondary effect of
tensing the two muscles listed above?
increase the vertical space in the pharynx
What are the muscles that lower
the soft palate? What is the effect of engaging these muscles?
palatopharyngeus and palatoglossus muscles, your tone becomes nasal
Describe the location of these
muscles.
palatopharyngeus: connects the sides of the uvular muscle to the lower pharyngeal constrictor
palatoglossus: connect the uvular muscle to the sides of the tongue at the back.
Describe the mandible.
the jaw is horseshoe shaped when viewed from above, it is taller at the back than the front, on the posterior portion there are two condyles that connect the jaw to the skull
Describe the location of the
temporal mandibular joint.
the point where the jaw connects to the skull, right in front of your ears
What are the three most important
muscles that move the jaw? What are their functions?
Masseter and temporalis muscles: close the jaw
digastric muscles: open the jaw
Describe the location of the
masseter muscles.
originate on the underside of the cheekbones and insert into the sides of the jaw along the back
Describe the location of the
temporalis muscles.
originate in a fan shape from the sides of the skull above the ears, run obliquely inside the cheekbones and insert into the coronoid processes of the jaw
Describe the location and
function of the muscles that open the jaw.
the digastric muscles: originate at the inside of the mastoid process and run obliquely down under the tongue attaching to the front of the jaw behind the chin
geniohyoid muscles: originate at the front of the jaw behind the center of the chin, run under the tongue and insert into the front of the hyoid
mylohyoid muscles: originate from the inside of the manible, forms the floor of the mouth
How do these three pairs of
muscles move the jaw?
pulling the chin back and down toward the hyoid bone
Which are the consonants that
require the masseter and temporalis to contract slightly?
[s] [z] [f] [v]
Do any consonants require the
teeth to be closed?
no
What is the jaw position for most
consonants?
neutral
Which muscles moves the jaw
forward and from side to side? Describe their location & function.
lateral and medial ptergoids: arise at eh base of the skull behind the nose, attach to the condyles of the mandible right in front of the TMJ's
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