Sam Meredith Mckinney Ch. 5

What are the 2 functions of the larynx? To serve as a valve to prevent food, drink, and other foreign matter out of the lungs and for phonation

The thyroarytenoid muscle has two folds.  What does each fold form? The top fold forms the false vocal folds, the lower fold forms the true vocal folds

When larynx functions as valve, which folds close? both sets of folds close

What 8 characteristics of good vocal sound does McKinney list? 1) freely produced 2) pleasant to listen to 3) loud enough to be heard easily 5) energy flows smoothly from note to note 6) consistently produced 7) vibrant, dynamic, and alive 8) flexibly expressive

What 8 negative characteristics does he list? 1)constricted, forced, or strained 2) strident or rasping 3) too loud; resembling shouting or yelling 4) hoarse 5) breathy 6) weak, colorless, and devitalized 7) inconsistently produced 8) shaky or wobbly

What does McKinney have to say about thinking and sound production? that if we are unable to conjure up a mental image of a beautiful sound, it will be an accident if we produce one

How does he suggest you develop a mental image of a beautiful sound? By listening to artist level singers  

What is the danger in modeling your sound after a single artist? you lose individuality, you may put unnecessary strain on your voice because you don't have as good technique as the singer, and your body may not have the physical attributes to attain the same sound that singer does

Describe the 3 phases of a musical tone. the attack phase, the sustention phase, the release phase

What are the four instructions quoted by McKinney from Van Christy? 1) The chest never collapses, nor do the shoulders move up and down 2) singers should not attempt to sing too long phrases all in one breath 3) efficient tone is basic for efficient breath control

Summarize the corrective procedures for hypofunctional singing. humming, singing louder, gentle lifting exercises, imitating an opera singer, establishing good posture and breathing habits, activating breath support mechanism by exercises, singing to the last row of an auditorium, becoming involved in the music--emoting, adopting correct tonal goals by listening to good singers, vocalizing on forward vowels, vocalizing with nasal consonants, initiating a tight sound as a means to an end

Summarize corrective procedures for hyperfunctional singing. exercises for relaxation of general body tension, studio atmosphere conducive to relaxation and self-confidence, establishing good posture and breathing habits, reducing excess tension in the support mechanism, maintaining the beginning-of-a-yawn position, exercises for balanced or soft attack, making student aware of desired tonal goals, vocalizing on vowels that require lip-rounding--the back vowels, vocalizing with consonants that help free the jaw, deliberately using a breathy sound as a means to an end