How is the vocal tract like the amplifier and tone controls of a stereo system? Because it has the ability to amplify and diminish frequencies in order to makeup the vocal tone.
Define the term formant. A resonance of the vocal tract.
Which formants are responsible for vowel creation? F1 and F2
What is formant tuning? When F1 is calibrated with the fundamental frequency or a harmonic overtone.
Why is the singer's formant important? It helps the voice be able to be heard over an orchestra, or in noisy environments.
Are there alternatives to using the singer's formant? Yes, high sopranos don't need it. Some tenors use F2 instead of Fs for high notes.
How are formants viewed differently in linear and nonlinear descriptions of vocal resonance? Linear models-- formant peaks provide maximum amplification. Nonlinear models-- maximum amplification occurs just before the formant peak; the formant causes instability.
What is the average pitch for F1 of the cardinal vowels? i-e-a-o-u = E4-C5-G5-C5-E4 (plus about a major third above or below the pitches).
How are formants different from resonance frequencies in a fixed-diameter quarter-wave resonator? Formant frequencies change when the articulators move. Resonance of a fixed diameter tube remain the same.
If the vowel /a/ is sung on F4, which of the first three harmonics is likely to be strongest? 2F0 it is closest to F2 of /a/, which centers around the pitch G5.
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