What is the normal breathing rate of a person at rest? 12-16 times per minute
What are the stages of breathing for life? 1) a slow intake of air, 2) a somewhat quicker release of air, 3) a waiting or recovery period before the next intake
What is the essential difference between breathing to live
and breathing to sing? The amount of conscious control exerted over breathing
What are the factors involved in getting air out of the
body? 1) the diaphragm relaxes, 2) the lungs are elastic and tend to return to their original shape after they have been expanded, 3) the abdominal organs and abdominal wall return to their original position when the diaphragm stops pushing them and compressing them, 4) the internal rib muscles and abdominal muscles assist in the expulsion of air
What are the benefits of breathing through the nose? (Why do we normally do this when
breathing for life?) It filters, warms, and adds moisture to the air
Why does McKinney believe that aerobic conditioning is good
for singers? Because sedentary people tend to be shallow breathers who don't use the bottom half of their lungs, which is the more efficient part of the lungs for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide
What are the stages of breathing for singing? 1) a breathing in period, 2) a setting up controls period, 3) a controlled exhalation period, 4) a recovery period
How does inhalation for singing differ from inhalation for
life? the inhalation stage is quicker, the amount of air inhaled is greater, and the breath goes deeper into the lungs
What are the three scenarios he suggests trying to condition
a good inhalation for singing? pretend you are smelling a flower, pretend you are beginning to yawn without actually yawning, pretending that you are drinking a glass of water
What are the three postural conditions that should exist
BEFORE you inhale? The chest should be comfortably high, the lower abdomen should be comfortably in, the upper abdomen should free to move
How does breath seem to move when you inhale? it seems to move into the body, down to the lungs, and out around the middle of the body
In the quote from Van Christy, “[When] all the muscles
function properly in singing, there is a feeling of flexible ,
expansive openness in the body.
Why does McKinney say that recovery is important? Muscles contract most efficiently when they are allowed to relax
What is the secret for performing a good catch breath? quickly dropping the jaw open and breathing as if one is startled.
What is breath support? a dynamic relationship between the breathing-in muscles and the breathing-out muscles the purpose of which is to supply adequate breath pressure to the vocal folds for sustaining of any desired pitch or dynamic level.
What is breath control? The dynamic relationship between the breath and the vocal folds which determines how long you can sing on one breath
What are the four incorrect methods of breathing and their
corrective procedures? upper chest breathing: establishing correct posture, rib breathing: release of postural tension, encouragement of upper abdominal expansion, back breathing: encouraging frontal expansion, belly breathing: improvement of posture
What is hypofunctional breathing and what are the corrective
procedures for it? failing to demand enough activity from the breathing mechanism; explaining, demonstrating, and asking students to experience the four stages of breathing for singing.
What is hyperfunction breathing and what are the 2 main
causes and corrective procedures for it? demanding too much physical activity of the breathing mechanism; the misconception that the ability to sing long phrases is in direct relationship to the quantity of air you can inhale, the rear of running out of breath in a public performance; Limit yourself to taking a comfortably deep breath
What is hypofunctional breath support and what are the
possible causes? failure to demand enough activity of the support system; no suspension phase, the misconception that the singer is singing much louder than he actually is, an anemic concept of vocal tone, devitalized posture, and a lack of awareness of the nature and function of the support mechanism
What is the corrective procedure for hypofunctional support? doing things that encourage more action from the support system such as panting like a dog or laughing like Santa Claus
What is hyperfunctional breath support and what are the
possible causes? demanding too much from the support system; the misconception that more support is the solution to all vocal problems, trying to make t a voice bigger than it really is, pulling in on the upper abdomen, eliminating the suspension phase of breathing, excess postural tension, a too-muscular approach to singing
What is the corrective procedure for hyperfunctional
support? getting the student o stop exerting so much local effort in the upper abdomen
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