Malde, Chapter 2
What are the three characteristics of good physical movement as described in the opening paragraphs of chapter 2? (11) Graceful buoyant and balanced
Singing always requires _Movement_____. (12)
What words does the author suggest might be substituted for poster? (12) Balance, buoyant, springy
What are the questions you should ask to map your skeleton? (12) How large is my skeleton? What is the construction of mt skeleton?What is the function of my skeleton? How does my skeleton move?
What is the function of your skeleton? (14) It serves as a structure of support, weight distribution, and movement.
What is a joint? (14) A location in your body where two bones connect.
What is co-contraction? (14)an attempt at movement using two muscles simultaneously.
What would cause a skeletal muscle to not be able to move freely? (14) Co-contraction.
What is the difference in the workings of a tense and a released muscle? (15) A tense muscle cannot move freely. A released muscle can move freely.
A tense muscles works more than is necessary for the task. A released muscle works only as much as necessary.
Our muscles should release and rest upon the skeleton. (15)
Describe the location of the 4 different portions of your spine. What is the function of each? (16) cervical (supports and gives movement to head and neck, thoracic (connects to ribs and curves back to make room for breathing), lumbar (provides flexibility in the mid torso and connects to the sacrum) the sacrum and coccyx form the support for the pelvic area.
What is the name of the top vertebra? (16) Atlas
How does the thickness and size of the vertebrae differ? (19) (In a person with low body fat) in the cervical curve, the vertebrae take up one third of the space, in the thorax the vertebrae take up one fourth of the space, and in the lumbar area the vertebrae take up to one half of the space.
How far from your back is the lumber spine located? (19) about half way into the torso.
How much space does the circumference of your spine occupy? (19) 1/3 at cervical, ¼ at thoracic, and ½ at the lumbar
What are the four curves of the spine? How many vertebrae make up each curve? In which direction do they curve? (19) Cervical- 7- forward, thoracic 12- back, lumbar -5- forward, sacrum -9 -back.
Which part of the spine is weight-bearing (front or back)? What is the function of the other part? (19) front. The other (back) part allows the vertebrae to connect with one another .
What are the three functions of your spinal vertebrae? (19) Allow the vertebrae to connect to each other, some have facets that allow ribs to attach, and they allow your spine to be both flexible and stable.
What are the three parts of each vertebra? What is the function of each? (19-20) The body (main support of the body), the foramen (opening for the spinal cord), and the spinous processes (enclose and protect spinal cord)
Describe the facets on the vertebrae? (22) see two questions previous.
Describe the front of the spine. (22) flat and round... disk like.
Describe the form and function of your vertebral discs. (25) flat round and squishy with hydraulic properties. They compress when they bear weigh and spring back into shape when weight is removed.
Where is the one place in the spine where there is no disc? (22) The atlas
What do singers need to avoid? (22) holding the neck and head improperly, either too far forward or back on the spine, causing tension.
Describe the vertebral ligaments? (23) strong yet flexible fibrous bands of tissue.
What is a tendon? What is its function? (23) strong, flexible fibrous bands of tissue that connect muscles to bone.
What is fascia? What is its function? (23) Thin strong connective tissue, which along with other connective tissue, helps provide flexible and elegant support and movement system for spine and entire body.
Where are the six places of balance? A-O atlanto-occipital joint, arm structure, thorax, hip joints, knee joints and ankle joints.
Which of these six places of balance is not an actual joint? Thorax
What is the function of your atlas? Swivel for the head, rotates under the skull in a socket.
Explain how the skull and the atlas fit together. The atlas fits into the skull like a socket. (the skull being the socket).
Why is mapping your A-O joint important? Understanding and properly positioning the A-O is the key to lining everything else up as we work our way down the body.
Where is you’re A-O joint located? At the base of the skull, in the center of the neck and between the ears.
What is meant by a neutral position for the neck? Position of least muscular work or tension.
What are two ways to help find the accurate relationship between your thorax and your lumbar spine? Lie on the floor with the knees bent up, and then try and find that same position when you stand. Otherwise, try walking backwards a few paces to line it up.
What is the function of the pelvis? To distribute your upper body weight to your legs.
Describe your pelvis. A place of balance that can either transfer upper body weight down through the legs, or settle and balance the upper body when sitting. Houses the evil that happens to females about every four weeks.
What do you know about your hip joints? They are a lot further in than one would expect. They are also structured like a ball and socket joint.
What is your torso? Everything from the Atlas to the tail bone (coccyx).
Describe your knee joint. It lurks behind the kneecap and hurts a lot when you get old.
Where is your kneecap located? In front of the knee joint.
What are the three conditions of the knee joint? Locked, balanced, and bent.
How does the position of the thorax affect the knee joint? When you successfully balance your thorax, you knee joints will balance, helping you stand with greater freedom.
Do your knees need to bend in order to be balanced? Not necessarily.
Describe your ankle joint. The actual joint sits further forward than the back of the foot that is actually the heel bone sticking out.
What are the bumps on the outside and inside of your ankle? They’re really the ends of your fibula and tibia.
Which of the lower leg bones distributes our weight? The tibia
Which other joint in the body has a direct impact on the ankle joint? The A-O joint.
How does the position of the thorax affect the ankle joint? It is part of the upper body set of balance points that can all affect the ankle joint of not set properly.
In what order should we balance our joints? From the top (A-O) down.
Describe the location of the heel bone. Sticking out the back of the foot, behind (and under) the actual joint.
Describe your foot. It has six toes and is in bad need of a pedicure. …. Just kidding; I don't have six toes. But, it does have three arches... the medial longitudinal, transverse, and lateral, that meet at three points like a tripod on the bottom and distribute my body weight throughout the foot.
Describe the structure of each arm. It contains one each of a: collarbone, shoulder blade, upper arm bone, two lower arm bones, a wrist and a hand.
Name and describe the arm joints. Sternoclavicular, upper arm, elbow, and wrist.
Describe position of collarbones and shoulder blades and how arm structure should be balanced. Collarbone and shoulder blades (making up the shoulder girdle) are designed to center over the weight bearing spine. They need to be balanced lightly and centrally over the ribs.
Your skeleton will be better balanced when your muscles are not being recruited to do the work of your skeleton.
My spine and my postural muscles that surround it release my front and my back, and free up my front and my back for singing.
What are the five poor postural instructions given at the end of the chapter? Actually, there are six: 1) Stand against the wall to achieve good posture, 2)Stand “straight” as if the spine were a straight, solid broomstick, 3) lift the sternum high. 4) Roll the shoulders back and/or hold them down. 5) Tuck the pelvis under. 6) Suspend your head by and invisible string from the ceiling.
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