The muscle of the lips extends all the way up to the nose and all the way down to the indentation above the chin, forming a thick band around the opening of the mouth.
Describe the buccinators: include location, attachments, and function and resonance effect. Form the inside of the cheeks. They connect the lips in front. At the back they connect to the upper pharyngeal constrictor at a tendinous raphe inside the cheekbone. When we sing with the lips pulled back at the sides with a wide lateral opening, we are using the buccinator muscle. Can create a spread resonance.
What is the tongue’s survival function? It is used to move food around and start the push down to the stomach.
What is the function of the tongue for singing? To form vowels and consonants.
How many intrinsic tongue muscles are there? What is their function? Four. Responsible for the fine motor movements of the articulation.
How many extrinsic tongue muscles are there? What is their function? Five. Move the tongue forward, up, back or down.
Where does the tongue have attachements? To the hyoid bone and to the mandible at the back of the chin.
What is the septum of the tongue? What is its function? A point of attachment for the intrinsic muslces. It is thin and fibrous.
What are ways that singers use their tongues inappropriately? Recruiting it to do the work of other muscles. Pushing down on the larynx with the back of the tongue. Pull it back in an attempt to increase pharyngeal resonance.
What is the only healthy way to lower the larynx? Use the muscles that connect to it from below.
Which four muscles in the neck are the only muscles that can play a positive role in vocal resonance? Sternohyoid, omohyoud, sternothyroid, and the stylopharyngeus.
What is the function of the rest of the next muscles? Turning the head and lifting the arms.
What are the strongest muscles that pull up on the larynx? Hyoglossus muscles.
Describe the aryepiglottic sphincter (location and function). Just above the vocal folds and is defined by the muscles surrounding the epiglottis cartilage. Used in belting.
What causes the Singer’s Formant? This is an extra resonance in the overtone series that is independent of the pitch and the volume of the tone. Can get this naturally by using one's "calling voice". In singing it happens when the opeing of the larynx is much smaller than the width of the lower pharynx. to widen the pharynx, we lower the larynx. To narrow the laryngeal opening, we close the AES. The two actions may be combined.
What is vowel modification? Opening the jaw slightly as one goes up in pitch. Not all vowels are perceptible in their pure form in the higher range.
How can we be singing the correct pitch and still be off in terms of intonation? Certain overtones are being emphasized with resonance
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