What is the key to success in resonance? Awareness
What are the 9 moveable structures that affect the shape of your resonator? The balance of the head over the spine. the pharyngeal constrictors, which are the muscles at the back of the throat. the velum or soft palate, which is suspended between the throat and the nasal passages. The mandible or jaw along with the muscles that move it. The tongue. The lips. The buccinator muscles that form the inside of the cheek. The larynx along with the muscles that move it. The aryepiglottic sphincter, which is the opening of the larynx into the lower part of the throat.
Describe the vocal tract at rest. Lips are either lightly closed or slightly opened. The jaw is slightly open so that there is a small space between the upper and lower teeth. The tongue lies in the cradle of the jaw. The cheeks are free and long. The soft palate is suspended in such a way that air may move freely through the nose of mouth. The muscles of the pharynx are nestled against the vertebrae of the neck. The larynx is midway between its highest and lowest point.
Which movements of the vocal tract are essential to all styles of good singing? Jaw moves freely for articulation. The tongue will lie easily in the cradle but will be in constant motion creating vowels and consonants. The pharyngeal muscles will be released. Head is free to move but will remain in balance.
Which movements are specific to classical style? Lips are released and forward. Cheeks are long and free. May have more variation in the opening of the jaw. Lower larynx, and higher soft palate, resulting in modified vowels as opposed to spoken vowels.
Which movements do non-classical singers make? Wider lateral opening of the mouth. Movements of the larynx, soft palate and jaw will be closer to those of speech.
Keeping the head in balance does not mean keeping it immobile.
What are the two effects of resonance by the balance of the head? It can move the larynx and change the curve of the throat.
What happens if you allow the back of the head to pull back and down (Chin up)? The larynx will be pulled up due to it's connection with the hyoid bone.
Describe the pharyngeal constrictors, as a whole. Three thin sheets of muscle that nestle against the front of the spine at the back of the throat and curve forward sloping down at the sides. Because of their connection to the spine, the shape of the pharyngeal muscles in part depends on the shape of the spinal column in the neck, which in turn depends on the balance of the head.
Describe the location of the SPC. Connected to the base of te skull right behind the opening to the nose, just in front of the A-O joint. Its sides connect to the muscles of the inner cheek, the buccinators, which in turn connect to the lips.
Describe the location of the MPC. At the level of the corner of the jaw. The sides of the MPC connect to the hyoid bone at the base of the tongue.
Describe the location of the IPC. Continuous with the esophagus on the bottom and connects to the cricoid cartilage at the sides.
What is the survival function of the pharyngeal constrictors? Assist during swallowing and regurgitation.
What is the job of the pharyngeal muscles for singing? STAY OUT OF THE WAY!!
What is the one muscles that can open the throat slightly? How does it do this? Where is it located? Stylopharyngeus muscle. It originates at the styloid process on the bottom side of the skull right behind the ear and extends obliquely down and forward along the outside of the upper pharyngeal constrictor, inserting between the upper and middle pharyngeal constrictors, where it joins with their fibers. When it contracts, it pulls out and back on the MPC stretching it slightly.
What should we avoid doing to try to get louder? Why? Tensing the vocal tract. The function of the resonator is to emphasize some parts of the sound wave and deemphasize others.
What are our choices if we want more volume? Faster airflow, change the shape of the chamber of air to make the resonance stronger, or both.
Describe the velum (location and function). Also called the soft palate. Acts as a valve that opens and closes the passages to the nose. Located at the top of the throat above the opening of the pharynx into the mouth. The uvula hangs from its back edge.
Describe the movements of the soft palate. These movements regulate the nasality of the singer's tone. If you want a less nasal sound, you lift and stretch your soft palate up against the top of the pharynx to close off the nasal cavity.
How many muscle pairs control the movement of the soft palate? To what are they all attached? Four muscle pairs taht control the movement: two that lift and stretch it and two that pull it down. They attach to the uvular muscle, which forms the body of the soft palate.
What are the muscles called that lift the soft palate? Describe their location. Levator veli palatini muscles. The palate lifters originate at the base of the skull behind the nose, pass through the upper pharyngeal constrictor, and insert into the top of the uvular muscle.
Which muscles stretch the soft palate from side to side? Describe their location. Tensor veli palatini muscles. The palate stretchers originate slightly farther forward on the base of the skull. From there they descend to the pterygoid hamulus, a bony horn that projects from the skull behind the nasal cavity, and turn a corner to attach to the sides of the uvular muscle.
What is the secondary effect of tensing the two muscles listed above? Increase the vertical space of the pharynx.
What are the muscles that lower the soft palate? What is the effect of engaging these muscles? Palatopharyngeus muscles and the palatoglossus muscles. the more you engage these muscles, the more nasal your tone becomes.
Describe the location of these muscles. The palatopharyngeus muscles are long, thin muscles that connect the sides of the uvular muscle to the lower pharyngeal constrictor. the palatoglossus muscles connect the uvular muscle to the sides of the tongue at the back.
Describe the mandible. A single bone that is horseshoe shaped. It is taller at the back than at the front. At the top of the posterior portion of the jaw, there are two rounded condyles, one on each side, which connect the jaw to the rest of the skull with joints just in front of the ears. Forward of these condyles, between them and the back molars are the coronoid processes, which go inside the cheekbones when the jaw is closed.
Describe the location of the temporal mandibular joint. Right in front of the ears.
What are the three most important muscles that move the jaw? What are their functions? The masseter and the temporalis muscles, which close the jaw, and the digastric muscles, which open the jaw wide.
Describe the location of the masseter muscles. Originates on the underside of the cheekbones and inserts into the sides of the jaw along the back.
Describe the location of the temporalis muscles. They originate in a fan shape from the sides of the skull above the ears, run obliquely inside the cheekbones, and insert into the coronoid processes of the jaw.
Describe the location and function of the muscles that open the jaw. The Digastric muscles: originate at the inside of the mastoid process, the boy hump on the skull right behind the ears. From there, they run obliquely down, passing through a fibrous loop attached to the hyoid bone, and then run under the tongue to attach at the front of the jaw behind the chin. The Geniohyoid muscles: originates at the front of the jaw behind the center of the chin. From there they run under the tongue to insert into the front part of the hyoid bone. The Mylohyoid muscles: originates from the insides of the mandible above the digastrics and geniohyoids. The fibers of the mylohyoids meet under the middle of the tongue in a fibrous band called a raphe. the raphe runs from the back of the chin to the hyoid bone, where the backs of the mylohyoids insert.
How do these three pairs of muscles move the jaw? When the hyoid is stabilized by the muscles beneath it, these three muscles pairs lower the jaw by pulling the chin back and down toward the hyoid bone.
Which are the consonants that require the masseter and temporalis to contract slightly? s, z, f, v, as well as sh and the voiced version of that.
Do any consonants require the teeth to be closed? No
What is the jaw position for most consonants? Naturally closed due the the elasticity of the masseter and temporalis muscles when released.
Which muscles moves the jaw forward and from side to side? Describe their location & function. The lateral and medial pterygoids. Both of these muscle pairs arise on the base of the skull behind the nose. The lp attaches to the condyles of the mandible right in front of the TMJs. The mp attaches to the inside of the mandible at the lower back corner.
No comments:
Post a Comment