Sunday, February 9, 2014

Shalayna G. Malde Ch. 2

What are the three characteristics of good physical movement as described in the opening paragraphs of chapter 2? (11)
Flexibility, balance, and freedom
Singing always requires _________movement_________.  (12)
What words does the author suggest might be substituted for poster? (12)
 Balance, buoyant, springy

What are the questions you should ask to map your skeleton? (12)

How large is my skeleton
Where is my skeleton located?
What is the construction of my skeleton?
How does my skeleton move?
What is the function of my skeleton?

What is the function of your skeleton? (14)
 The function of the skeleton serves as a structure of support, distributes weight, and movement.

What is a joint? (14)
A joint is where two bones connect.

What is co-contraction? (14)
 Co-contraction is when people try to move while contracting both muscles at the same time.
What would cause a skeletal muscle to not be able to move freely? (14)
Co-contraction

What is the difference in the workings of a tense and a released muscle? (15)

A tense muscles works more than is necessary for the task.  A released muscle works only as much as necessary.

Our muscles should                release              and               rest               upon the skeleton. (15)

Describe the location of the 4 different portions of your spine.  What is the function of each? (16)
 Cervical: holds the weight of the head
Thoracic: bears the weight of the head arms and chest
Lumbar: supports torso, arms and head
Sacrum: distributes the weight from your upper body to your pelvis

What is the name of the top vertebra? (16)
 Atlas
How does the thickness and size of the vertebrae differ?  (19)
 The 24 vertebrae are smaller in thickness and circumference near the top of the spine and larger near the lumbar spine.
How far from your back is the lumber spine located? (19)

How much space does the circumference of your spine occupy? (19)
 Skeletal measurements varies from the size of human being but according to the skeletal figure: the cervical spine takes up 1/3 of the body’s depth from front to back, the thoracic spine 1/4, and the lumbar spine 1/2.

What are the four curves of the spine?  How many vertebrae make up each curve?  In which direction do they curve? (19)
 Cervical Curve: 7; slightly forward
Thoracic Curve: 12; back away from the center
Lumbar Curve: 5; forward to the center
Sacral-Coccygeal Curve: 9; away from the center

Which part of the spine is weight-bearing (front or back)?  What is the function of the other part? (19)
The front

What are the three functions of your spinal vertebrae? (19) What are the three parts of each vertebra? What is the function of each? (19-20)
The body
The foramen:  the opening for the spinal cord
The spinal process: attachment for muscles and ligaments. (Not capable of bearing weight) 28.

Describe the facets on the vertebrae? (22)
 Small indentations on the back of the vertebral process which allow the vertebrae to connect with one another.
Describe the front of the spine. (22)
  The front of the spine bears the weight of the head and torso and delivers it through the sacrum into the pelvis.
Describe the form and function of your vertebral discs. (22)
 Spinal discs are flat and circular and about ¼ inch thick.  These flexible discs will compress when they bear weight and they spring back to its original shape once the weight is removed.
Where is the one place in the spine where there is no disc? (22)
 There is no disc between the axis and the atlas.
What do singers need to avoid? (22)
 Singers need to avoid holding their head too far forward of their spine which tightens neck muscles as well as the rest of the body.
Describe the vertebral ligaments? (23)
  Vertebral ligaments connect the vertebrae discs and facet joints         
What is a tendon?  What is its function? (23)
 A cord or band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscles to bones.
What is fascia?  What is its function? (23)
Fascia is thin, strong connective tissue.  It provides a flexible and elegant support and movement for you spine and entire body.
What are the six places of balance?
The six places of balance are:
            The A-O joint
            Upper arm joints
            Hip joints
            Knee joints
            Ankle joints
What is the function of your atlas?        
The atlas helps support the weight of the head and distributes that weight to the rest of the body.
Explain how the skull and the atlas fit together?
Two rounded bumps on the underside of the occiput called condyles fit into the two depressions on the top atlas.
Why is mapping your A-O joint important?
 Mapping your A-O joint is important the balance at the A-O joint allows the muscles in your neck and the rest of your body to release.  This will allow one to move easy and expressively.
Where is your A-O joint located?
The A-O joint is located right between the ears
 What is meant by a neutral position for the neck?
 The neutral position for the neck is to be free of unnecessary tension.  If your neck is tense, then you will be tense in other areas of your body.
What are two ways to help find the accurate relationship between your thorax and your lumbar spine?
1.     Lying down on your back with your knees bent and feet flat on the floor.
2.     Walking backward and then slowly walk forward.
 What is the function of the pelvis?
 The pelvis distributes the weight of your upper body to your legs.
Describe your pelvis.
 The pelvis contains two bones that mirror each other. Between these two bones is the sacrum which has an upper and lower part. The upper part connects to your lowest lumbar vertebrae and the lower part connects your tale bone. The sacrum curves deeply increasing the depth of the pelvic cavity.
 What do you know about your hip joints?
The hip joint is locates 2-3 in. deeper and higher than your greater trochanter. The hip joints are located outside the pelvis and above the sitting bones.
 What is your torso?
  Your torso is the portion of your body that excludes your head, arms, and legs.             
Describe your knee joint.
   Your knee joint is located behind and slightly below the kneecap.             
Where is your kneecap located?
 The kneecap simply floats in front of the lower end of the thighbone; it is connected with ligaments to the top of the larger lower leg bone and the bottom of the thighbone.
What are the three conditions of the knee joint?
 The three conditions of the knee joint are locked, balanced, and bent.
How does the position of the thorax affect the knee joint?
 If one is locking their knees then thorax is not balance. One would not be able to unlock their knees safely until their entire body is balanced.
Do your knees need to bend in order to be balanced?
 No, they need to be balanced.
Describe your ankle joint.
  The ankle joint is located where your two  lower leg bones meet the talus bone of your foot.    What are the bumps on the outside and inside of your ankle?
 The bottom of your fibula and the bottom of your tibia.
Which of the lower leg bones distributes our weight?
 The tibia.
Which other joint in the body has a direct impact on the ankle joint?
 The knee joint.
How does the position of the thorax affect the ankle joint?
 When the thorax is not balanced, the ankle joints will stiffen.
In what order should we balance our joints?
 A-O joint, thorax (in relation to the lumbar spine), hip, knee, and ankle joints.
Describe the location of the heel bone.
 The heel bone extends farther back from the line of balance behind the ankle joint
Describe your foot.
 The foot has three arches that help distributes the weight of your body from the center of the arches outward.
Transverse: spans across the foot from head of the first big toe to the head of the fifth toe
Medial Longitudinal: spans from your heel to the head of your first big toe
Lateral Arch:  spans from the head of your fifth toe to your heel
Describe the structure of each arm.
Each arm contains: one collarbone, shoulder blade, upper arm bone, two lower arm bones, a wrist, and hand.
Name and describe the arm joints.
The arm joints are:
            Sternoclavicular: connects your entire arm structure to your breastbone
            Upper arm:
            Elbow:
            Wrist:
Describe position of collarbones and shoulder blades and how arm structure should be balanced.
The position of the collarbones and shoulder blades is made to center over the weight- bearing spine with the collarbone roughly parallel to the ground. Arm structure should be balanced lightly and centrally over your ribs in order to allow free and expressive movement.

Your skeleton will be      balanced        when your muscles are not         overworked        .

My spine and my postural muscles that surround it ­­       support            my front and my back,       allowing              my front and my back for       easily expressive movement         .

What are the five poor postural instructions given at the end of the chapter?
Stand “straight” as if the spine were a straight, solid broomstick.
Stand against the wall to achieve good pasture
Roll the shoulders back and/or hold them down
Tuck the pelvis under
Suspend your head by an invisible string from the ceiling
Lift the sternum high 


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